Styles of Architecture
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Architectural style is a way of classifying architecture largely by
morphological characteristics - in terms of form, techniques,
materials, etc. However it is not a holistic way of understanding
architectural works because of its emphasis on style.
It overlaps with, and emerges from the study of the evolution and
history of architecture, but it is slightly different in its
emphasis. While in architectural history, the study of, for
instance, Gothic architecture would include all the aspects of the
cultural context that went into the making of these structures,
architectural style is a way of classifying architecture that gives
emphasis to the characteristic features of Gothic architecture,
leading to a terminology such as Gothic "style". This could then
apply equally to buildings even produced during periods outside the
historic period of Gothic architecture. Thus one could build a
Gothic style church even today, irrespective of the historic period
from which the style emerged. |
A wider definition would include within its scope the design of the
total built environment, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban
design, and landscape architecture to the microlevel of creating
furniture. Architectural design usually must address both
feasibility and cost for the builder, and function and aesthetics
for the user.
In modern usage, architecture is the art and discipline of creating
an actual, or inferring an implied or apparent plan of any complex
object or system. The term can be used to connote the implied
architecture of abstract things such as music or mathematics, the
apparent architecture of natural things, such as geological
formations or the structure of biological cells, or explicitly
planned architectures of human-made things such as software,
computers, enterprises, and databases, in addition to buildings. In
every usage, an architecture may be seen as a subjective mapping
from a human perspective (that of the user in the case of abstract
or physical artifacts) to the elements or components of some kind of
structure or system, which preserves the relationships among the
elements or components.
Planned architecture often manipulates space, volume, texture,
light, shadow, or abstract elements in order to achieve pleasing
aesthetics. This distinguishes it from applied science or
engineering, which usually concentrate more on the functional and
feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures.
In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an
architect range from the more complex, such as for a hospital or a
stadium, to the apparently simpler, such as planning residential
houses. Many architectural works may be seen also as cultural and
political symbols, and/or works of art. The role of the architect,
though changing, has been central to the successful (and sometimes
less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built
environments in which people live. |
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